Doctorate degree
Since 2015 academic year, all PhD students newly enrolled or re-enrolled in a doctoral program in a PSL institution are now PSL PhD students. The target duration for the preparation of the doctorate is 3 years, at the end of which the "PSL doctoral diploma prepared at the Paris Observatory" is awarded after a public defense.
The preparation of a thesis at the Paris Observatory is done under the supervision of a thesis director attached to a Observatoire de Paris’s laboratory within the framework of a Doctoral School (ED) co-accredited by PSL : the Doctoral School Astronomy and Astrophysics in Ile-de-France or the Doctoral School "Physics in Ile-de-France..
Professorial thesis
Professorial thesis (Habilitation à diriger des recherches or HDR) is a national higher education diploma that can be obtained after a doctorate. It allows to apply for a position as a University professor (after registration on the list of qualifications by the National Council of Universities), to be a thesis supervisor or chosen as a thesis referee.